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Eminent domain, in numbers

Eminent domain, explained with real numbers.

Every figure sourced and dated. Updated 2026-09-02.

Updated 2026-09-02 · 10 sourced figures · 8 named sources · every figure checked against its source at publish

Almost nothing about eminent domain gets covered in plain numbers, and that gap is the whole reason this page exists. The compensation standard itself is simple to state and hard to find stated plainly: owners are constitutionally entitled to fair market value, generally set by comparable sales. When only part of a property is taken, the math changes to value before the taking minus value after.

Sources: Cornell LII Wex 2026; Cranfill Sumner LLP 2026; Superlawyers 2026. Retrieved 2026-09-02.

The numbers, at a glance

Every figure this page relies on, with its source and date. This table is the page's receipts.

FigureWhat it measuresSource · retrieved
fair market valuethe just-compensation standardCornell LII Wex / Cranfill Sumner LLP 2026, 2026-09-02
value before the taking minus value afterpartial-taking calculationCranfill Sumner LLP / Superlawyers 2026, 2026-09-02
30 daysminimum offer-open period (some states)Spencer Fane 2026 / Missouri Office of the Ombudsman for Property Rights 2026, 2026-09-02
2 to 3 monthsappraisal to written offerBiersdorf / condemnation-law.com 2026, 2026-09-02
12 to 18 monthslitigated case lengthSever Walker Padgitt / condemnation-law.com 2026, 2026-09-02
33.33%common contingency feeOwners' Counsel of America / condemnation-law.com 2026, 2026-09-02
Michigan (MCL s.213.66)requires fee-shifting (example)Ackerman Ackerman & Dnistrian 2026 50-state survey, 2026-09-02
Texasno fee-shifting (example)Ackerman Ackerman & Dnistrian 2026 50-state survey, 2026-09-02
$305,960 to $380,414one NC project, appraisal vs. settlement, over $100kAVL Watchdog data via DAS Law Group 2026, 2026-09-02
$28,045 to $37,813same project, under $100kAVL Watchdog data via DAS Law Group 2026, 2026-09-02

The process, stage by stage

  1. Appraisal and offer: the agency appraises the property, then typically makes a written offer 2 to 3 months later. Several states, including Missouri and Colorado, require that offer to stay open at least 30 days before a condemnation suit can even be filed.
  2. Negotiation: the offer is a starting point, not a final number. One tracked North Carolina highway project settled properties appraised above $100,000 for $305,960 to $380,414, and properties appraised under $100,000 for $28,045 to $37,813, once negotiated.
  3. Litigation, if it comes to that: a contested case that goes to court typically runs 12 to 18 months from filing to resolution.

Sources: Spencer Fane 2026; Missouri Office of the Ombudsman for Property Rights 2026; Biersdorf 2026; AVL Watchdog via DAS Law Group 2026; Sever Walker Padgitt 2026. Retrieved 2026-09-02.

How your state changes this

Whether the government pays your legal bill depends entirely on where the property sits. Michigan (MCL s.213.66) requires the condemning agency to reimburse the owner's reasonable attorney fees. Texas is among the states that do not, leaving fee arrangements to the owner and their attorney, which is exactly why the standard contingency structure below exists.

Sources: Ackerman Ackerman & Dnistrian 2026 50-state survey. Retrieved 2026-09-02.

The decision: negotiate the offer yourself, or hire a contingency lawyer

Negotiate yourself

No fee to anyone. Fastest path if the initial offer is close to fair market value and the taking is simple (a full taking of a small, easily comparable property).

Hire a contingency lawyer

Common fee: 33.33% of the amount recovered above the government's initial offer, so no upfront cost, and the fee only applies to money the offer did not already include. Rational for partial takings, business impacts, or when the appraisal looks light against comparable sales.

Sources: Owners' Counsel of America 2026; condemnation-law.com 2026. Retrieved 2026-09-02.

What people get wrong

"The government's offer is the final number." It is a starting point; the one tracked project above settled 24 to nearly 35 percent above the initial appraisal once owners negotiated. "Hiring a lawyer costs money out of pocket." Most condemnation attorneys work on contingency, 33.33% of the increase they win, not a flat retainer. "Every state treats attorney fees the same." Michigan (MCL s.213.66) requires fee-shifting; Texas does not.

Sources: AVL Watchdog via DAS Law Group 2026; Owners' Counsel of America 2026; Ackerman Ackerman & Dnistrian 2026. Retrieved 2026-09-02.

Common questions

How is eminent domain compensation calculated? fair market value, from comparable sales; a partial taking uses value before the taking minus value after. Full detail: how compensation is calculated. Do I have to accept the first offer? No, several states require it to stay open 30 days specifically so you have time to respond. How much does an eminent domain lawyer cost? Typically 33.33% of the amount recovered above the offer; detail in lawyer cost, explained.

When talking to a lawyer makes sense

The factual triggers: a partial taking with business or access impacts beyond the land itself; an appraisal that looks low against nearby comparable sales; a commercial or income-producing property, where valuation is more contestable; or any case heading toward litigation, where the 12 to 18 months timeline and the rules of evidence favor professional representation.

Facing a condemnation notice and not sure the offer is fair?

Asking costs nothing, and nobody contacts you unless you check the consent box. One attorney who advertises with us may answer; we never pick or endorse anyone for you.

In this section

How eminent domain compensation is calculated · How much an eminent domain lawyer costs

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Sources for every figure on this page